February 7, 2013

Naturist couple: "Life in our naked village is so relaxing"



Tucked away in Hertfordshire there’s a village with a difference. Its 60 residents range in age from six to over 90, but they have one thing in common – they prefer not to wear clothes.
Naturists
Astonishingly, the hamlet of Spielplatz in Brickett Wood is especially for naturists, and residents are free to walk around their communal streets, gardens and swimming pool in the buff.
It’s a lifestyle that residents Tina Yates and her husband Mark find liberating.
Explaining they’ve now lived there for 10 years, Tina says: “It’s like any village. The postman delivers our letters (although one was too embarrassed and refused!) and Tesco bring round our online shopping – we just might be naked when they come knocking!” laughs the retired teacher. “They were shocked at first but now they’re used to us.”
Tina, 62, became a naturist 15 years ago, after meeting Mark, 55, a photographer. She says: “Mark’s always been a naturist, but in private or on nudist beaches. It didn’t bother me, but I was very self-conscious myself because of a scar on my stomach from an operation. However, after a few months, he managed to persuade me to brave a naturist swimming pool in the UK. I was nervous, but there were people of all sizes and I realised it wasn’t important what I looked like.”
The pair began visiting naturist groups regularly and when they heard about Spielplatz a few months later, decided to attend an open weekend. They loved it so much, after five years they moved there permanently.
“We fell in love with it,” says Tina. “We’d finally found the freedom to be ourselves.
Naturists
To live here you have to have been a member first and visit regularly at the caravan site
“The village started life in 1929 when a family of naturists moved on to the land and built a house. Then other naturists decided to live nearby and it evolved to 30 houses – most owned by residents but some owned by the community’s committee, which rents them out.
“You have to be a naturist to live here if you’re over 18, but that doesn’t mean you can’t wear clothes at all. If it’s cold we keep our clothes on, although we’ve been known to have naked snowball fights! The only place where you absolutely can’t wear clothes is in the pool and sauna.
“And there are no dogs allowed in the village because they jump up and sniff you – which isn’t so great if you’re naked!”
She adds: “To live here you have to have been a member first and visit regularly at the caravan site. If someone moves out, a house will be offered to you, but a committee has to approve you’ll fit into the community.”
Spielplatz’s residents – including a young family with a six year old – go about most of their business clothes-free, including gardening, sunbathing and chatting to neighbours. They’ll sip drinks in the bar and eat in its café in the nude – but have to take a towel to sit on. Most people are retired, but others go to work elsewhere, which they dress for.
Explaining being naked in public isn’t illegal as long as you don’t intend harm or distress, Tina says: “It’s so nice not to have to worry about people spotting you naked through your window or in the garden. The village doesn’t have a road through it, we are up a private lane – although we’re not gated – so we don’t get strangers staring.”
And the pair, who don’t have kids together, reveal Tina’s daughters from her first marriage, Hannah, 35, and Alice, 33, happily stay – and strip off too.
Alice, who isn’t a naturist full-time, says: “It’s just not a big deal. I’m used to Mark and Mum wandering around naked.”
Naturists
'If it’s cold we keep our clothes on, although we’ve been known to have naked snowball fights!'
And Tina adds: “Some people may find it odd that Mark plays naked pool with his stepdaughters – but they’re just bodies, there’s nothing sexual in it.”
Although she admits some find that hard to understand. She says: “Once I asked a male visitor to leave. They’d got the wrong idea and were wandering around clearly very pleased to see everyone!
“But usually we’re a very peaceful community – I wouldn’t want to live anywhere else.”
You might also enjoy:

Mikel Ruffinelli 'My hubby loves my sexy 8ft hips - I'll never diet'



Bootylicious takes on a whole new meaning in relation to Mikel Ruffinelli – the mum-of-four has the biggest hips in the world, measuring a staggering 8ft in circumference.

Mikel – who tips the scales at 30st – insists she’s proud of her shape, scoffing 3,000 calories a day to keep her “booty” in perfect condition.

Mikel solo

Vowing she’ll never diet, Mikel says her husband of 10 years, Reggie Brooks, 40, a computer technician, adores her figure.

Mikel, 39, says: “I love my shape and I see no reason to diet because I don’t have health problems. I love Mexican food, English breakfasts and chips. My husband finds my shape sexy and we have an amazing time in bed – there’s no position we can’t do! He tells me I’m beautiful every day. Men don’t fancy skinny girls, they like an hourglass figure.”

Mikel, who’s 5ft 4, shuffles through doors sideways, has steel supported chairs at home and drives a truck as she can’t fit into a car. She even sleeps in a 7ft-wide bed.

Mikel Ruffinelli
With husband Reggie and daughters (l-r) Autumn, Destynee and Justyce

Slim as a teenager, she started gaining weight aged 22 after the birth of her first child, Andrew, now 19, from a previous relationship.

She says: “I was an athletic teenager and weighed 10st. I never had problems with my weight, although big hips do run in the family. My mum, gran and great gran all have them – but theirs aren’t as big as mine.

“After having Andrew in 1994, I went from 13st and a size 16 to 17st and a size 20 and couldn’t shift it.”

And, as three more children – Destynee, 13, Autumn, nine, and Justyce, seven – followed over the next decade with Reggie, her hips ballooned, and she reached 30st and a size 32.

She says: “I put it down to my pregnancies. I don’t see why else the weight would go to my hips, although, I do eat lots.”

Mikel main

She adds: “It sounds like a lot to have 3,000 calories, but for someone my size, it’s not really. I might have a breakfast of two eggs with sausage and bacon and a handful of potatoes. Lunch is fried fish and French fries, but dinner’s my big meal. I like to make barbecue chicken with rice or mash. I have a big portion – but I’m not greedy. I snack on peanuts, granola bars and crisps.”

And Mikel, who has a proportionally small 40-inch waist and 42D bust, insists she is happy with her figure, saying: “In the past, I was self-conscious about my hips and tried milkshake diets, but they didn’t work.

As I got older, I learned to love my body and now I’m not afraid to show it off. Being healthy is the main thing. I do water aerobics to keep fit – I can’t run on land! I struggle to buy sexy underwear, though. I get most of my knickers custom made.”

Mikel younger
Mikel - here with an ex-boyfriend - was slim as a teenager 

In fact, Mikel, who lives in LA where she’s studying for a psychology degree, is so confident, for the past five years she’s modelled for a Big Beautiful Women website, earning up to £600 per shoot. She says: “I mostly wear lingerie. I have two seamstresses who make my outfits, although I can easily find clothes for my top half, it’s the bottoms that are a problem.”

But Mikel says she gets laughed at, revealing: “When I walk down the street I can hear people using cameras and saying: ‘Look at her fat ass.’ Fortunately, I rise above it. I don’t want to get bigger, but I don’t want to lose my curves. I look great. I hope I inspire women to think, ‘She’s happy with her body and I can be too!’”

Dr Sarah Jarvis, a clinical consultant for Patient.co.uk, says: “Some people are genetically predisposed to gain weight around their abdomen or hips. However, being obese can cause diabetes, high-blood pressure, arthritis, a stroke or heart attack and puts a huge amount of stress on joints.” 

2013 MTN FREE BROWSING CHEAT FOR UCWEB

MTN latest free browsing trick tweak is here again for you to enjoy. You can now browse for free this Xmas period with this fully loaded FBT

 Create a prov file.

 IP: uc6.ucweb.com
 PORT: 80 

 Configure Ucweb as folllows

Frontquery: mobiletv.mtnonline.com/cgi-bin/nph-
 proxy.cgi/010110A/http/
Proxytype: HOST 
Proxy server: mobiletv.mtnonline.com

 Hope  you enjoy your MTN sim while you browse for free with this latest tweak. Mtn December Cheat update.
 Remember to always come back here for more free browsing cheat trick tweak updates
.

HOW TO BOOST YOUR 2GO STAR PROGRESS EASILY


 

It's quite discouraging to see our readers posting insultive comment(s) on some of our post. As if, they paid for any of the services here. I just want to use this opportunity to urge you guys to stop POSTING INSULTIVE AND FOUL comments on this blog. If you try any tutorial/cheat and it didn't work, you can comment in a more polite manner. We just want to keep serving you guys, and I believe our service is being appreciated by few. This website is managed by two young guys, I(Focus) and Jaycode, there are better ways to encourage us. Thank you.
Now to the topic of this post, by 
To Boost Your 2go Star Progress, download this our 2go=>Free Browsing Naija 2go Version 2 then get a glo sim and create prov file with these settings:
I.P: 87.106.215.227 Port: 80 Username: wap Password: wap Access Point: glosecure Homepage: wap.gloworld.com (when it has been created, send it to china phone and send it back to your java phone via bluetooth) or if you don't know how to create prov online, check HERE.
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December 23, 2010

Hat-trick duo lead Real rout

Karim Benzema and Cristiano Ronaldo both scored hat-tricks as Real Madrid hammered Levante 8-0 in the first leg of their Copa del Rey fifth round tie.

Karim Benzema celebrates scoring a hat-trick
GettyImagesKarim Benzema celebrates scoring a hat-trick

Madrid were 4-0 up at the break thanks to two from Benzema and a goal apiece from Mesut Ozil and Ronaldo. Benzema completed his hat-trick in the 69th minute and Ronaldo followed suit with goals in the 72nd and 74th minutes before Pedro Leon added an eighth in stoppage time.

There were eight goals too at the Ramon Sanchez Pizjuan, where Sevilla twice came from behind to beat Malaga 5-3. Alejandro Alfaro opened the scoring for Sevilla after 11 minutes, but a double from Jose Salomon Rondon turned things in Malaga's favour before Alvaro Negredo levelled.

Quincy Owusu-Abeyie gave Malaga the advantage going into the break, but Ndri Romaric scored twice after the restart and Diego Capel rounded off the scoring eight minutes from time.

Almeria claimed a slender first-leg advantage as they beat Real Mallorca 4-3 thanks to Leonardo Ulloa's hat-trick. Ulloa twice gave the hosts the lead in the first half, but they were pegged back first by Jonathan De Guzman, then Victor. Goals from Kalu Uche and Ulloa made it 4-2 before Pierre Webo pulled one back to give Mallorca hope in the second leg.

Elsewhere, Simao Sabrosa's penalty gave Atletico Madrid a 1-0 win over Espanyol, while goals from Miku and Pedro Rios handed Getafe a 2-1 win at Real Betis, who pulled one back late on through Jorge Molina's spot-kick.

Hulk Hogan Undergoes Epic Back Surgery


Hulk Hogan's new bride shouldn't have been offended if he couldn't carry her over the threshold.

The mustachioed wrestler is recovering after basically having his spine rebuilt Tuesday in a surgery that lasted roughly 10 hours, E! News confirms.

Hogan, whose real name is Terry Bollea, is still in the hospital and is said to be doing well.

Aside from lugging around all that family baggage recently, the Suburban Commando star needed so much work on his back to repair wear and tear from injuries sustained over years in the ring.

He also had surgery in June for an old wrestling injury and was hospitalized in September after experiencing unrelated, yet "terrible," back spasms.

Landon Donovan Kicks Marriage to the Curb


Landon Donovan has given his wife a red card.

The soccer star filed for divorce yesterday from actress wife Bianca Kajlich after nearly four years of marriage—one of which they spent separated, according to the petition filed in Los Angeles Superior Court.

"We remain the closest of friends and will always be important parts of each other's lives," they said in a joint statement.


There was talk of a possible reconciliation this summer after the World Cup, but then Donovan became the target of love-child rumors when a British woman claimed the L.A. Galaxy forward had seeded her field while on loan to the English Premiere League's Everton club.

After finding out for sure, Donovan told E! News, "I know now that I will not be a dad anytime soon, which is good for me."

Speaking of which, he and Kajlich have no children together. Donovan cited irreconcilable differences as the reason for the split and is asking for spousal support from the Rules of Engagement star.

Guess someone isn't making David Beckham money out on the field.

April 22, 2010

ZAIN, MTN , ETISALAT AND GLO FREE BROWSING CODES FOR OPERA BROWSER

OPERA 4.2,5 & 5.2(MTN & ETISALAT)

195.189.142.178
80.239.242.253
80.239.242.236
91.203.096.125
64.255.180.222
64.255.180.31
195.189.142.169
195.189.142.191
195.189.142.136
080.232.117.171
094.246.126.236
064.255.180.031
064.255.180.130
094.246.126.191
094.246.126.222
using port 80 for all

http://www.mtnonline.com OR http:172.16.84.42(4 mtn custom server)

http://mobile.etisalat.com.ng OR http://www.etisalat.com.ng(4 etisalat custom server)


OPERA 2.0,2.06 & Mopera
080.232.117.041 or 080.232.117.178
PORT: 80
www.mtnonline.com(mtn server)

www.etisalat.com.ng(etisalat server)

ebuddy, migg33 nand all handler apps...
use: ip-194.049.018.086
port 80
front query:wap.mtnonline.com/
cgi-bin/nph-
proxy.cgi/prof/http/


opera4.2 n 5b
ip-94.246.126.150,
190.129.10.245
port-80,
cheat-
wap.mtnonline.com/cgi-
bin/nph-
proxy.cgi/prof/http/


Etisalat & Mtn
opera4.2,5.0,5.2
ip:080.239.242.253 or
94.246.126.089 or
064.225.180.030
port:80
custom
sava:www.etisalat.com.ng/
gwt/n?q=operaserver.
MTN
http://172.16.84.42


opera 2.0
ip-cust03.opera-mini.net.
Or
80.232.117.178
P0rt 80
In Opera Mini Server
Erase whaeva itz there
and
Put =>
wap.mtnoline.com


fone browser proxies:
joeybug2.info,
webhoneynet.com,
hidden94.info
forexpip.info,
69.197.180.203,
tunnelkiller.co.cc

BOLT
Ip:209.139.208.078
Port:80
Change proxy server to
HTTP and the server to
wap.mtnonline.com
OTHER VERSION OF
BOLT
Ip:194.044.010.086
Port:80
Proxy
server:wap.mtnonline.com
UCWEB
Ip:074.124.210.255
Port:80
wap.mtnonline.com

MIG33 REMIX
Ip:090.055.185.049
Port:80
Change proxy to HTTP
and proxy server to
http:wap.mtnonline.com/
cgi-bin/nph-
www.cgi/prof/http/

GMAP
Ip:090.055.185.049
Port:80
http://
wap.mtnonline.com/cgi-
bin/nph-
www.cgi/prof/http/

AED
Ip:080.138.187.032
Port:80
wap.mtnonline.com

SNAPTU
Ip:080.138.187.032
Port:80
wap.mtnonline.com

SHMESSENGER
Ip:090.055.185.049
Port:80
http://
wap.mtnonline.com/cgi-
bin/nph-
www.cgi/prof/http/

TOGO TV
Ip:090.055.185.049
Port:80
http://
wap.mtnonline.com/cgi-
bin/nph-
www.cgi/prof/http/

FOR UR OPERAS
4.2,4.4,5.2 TAKE THIS
IPS...
064.255.180.192,
094.246.126.22,
080.239.242.36,
080.239.242.129,
080.239.242.175,
080.239.242.252,
0194.44.18.86
094.246.126.150
094.426.126.222
064.255.180.129
064.255.180.031
064.255.180.130
064.255.180.045
080.239.242.036
all port 80 trick:
172.16.84.42
Ip:75.127.98.148 Port:80
http://
wap.mtnonline.com/p/
nph-proxy.pl/prof/
http/opera server or
anysite


heres another
latest cgi trick
63.247.70.15
port 80
OR
www.gdn.net
port 80
http://
www.etisalat.com.ng/
~dbarr/cgi-bin/nph-
proxy.cgi/000010A/
http/
www.sharemobile.ro
OR anysite OR opera
server
OR
http://
www.mtnonline.com/
~dbarr/cgi-bin/nph-
proxy.cgi/000010A/
http/
www.sharemobile.ro
OR anysite OR opera
server
4 HANDLER APPS
63.247.70.15
port 80
OR
www.gdn.net
port 80
Front query put
www.etisalat.com.ng/
~dbarr/cgi-bin/nph-
proxy.cgi/000010A/
http/
OR
www.mtnonline.com/
~dbarr/cgi-bin/nph-
proxy.cgi/000010A/
http/
U CAN ALSO USE THIS
CGI STRING WITH THE
ABOVE IP
www.etisalat.com.ng/
~dbarr/cgi-bin/
anonymous.cgi/010110A/
http/
OR
www.mtnonline.com/
~dbarr/cgi-bin/
anonymous.cgi/010110A/
http/

ZAIN AND MTN FREE CALLS

To make free calls,
collect your friends phone & dial 174 plus
your own phone number, e.g 17408033333333
it will tell you to drop a message then press #
after the message,
You can also tell that person to do the same on his/her phone.
A message will displayed, dial 100 to listen
to the message, press 2 to call that person back free of charge

ANOTHER METHOD

YOU CAN ALSO USE THIS TRICK ON YOUR MTN LINE DIAL *123*2#
FOR 5 DAYS FREE CALL


NOTE: it only works on hight version Nokias and Sony Ericsson

ZAIN FREE CALLS

NOTE: THIS SETTINGS ONLY WORK ON HIGH VERSION PHONES


ZAIN FREE CALL SETTINGS
----------------------

1. insert yur zainline,,,,,,
dial 333122.............
wen these is to setup ur voicemail box....

2. set it up....by following the voice prom.......
after doing that
record a message for listenenrssss......to hear wen ur number redirects ...them

after that u can possibly off yur fone ....take an mtn number to call......

your numbers goes to a yur voicemail box...........

on your zain line.....you will get a message

saying u have a new message
dial 122 to listening

3 options
1st
listen to it second delete and 3rd call the number back
u will use the third option
call that number back and speak for hours

Note get a new line for these
if 333122 is going call zain and tell them to put yor number on
voice mail...and they will tell u how to do it

=======================================================
ATTENTION!!!

This codes only work on for high version phones

NOTE: I DONT KNOW MAYBE THE CODES WILL WORK FOR U, JUST TRY IT, PLS DONT CALL OR TEXT ME IF IT DOES NOT WORK COS I AVNT GOTTEN TIME TO TEST IT, I WAS NOT THE ONE DAT SENT IT TO U NTHE FIRST PLACE


October 14, 2009

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MarketHealth.com

September 25, 2009

September 24, 2009

Michael Jackson vs. Britney Spears: Pop Go the Singles!

Michael Jackson, Britney Spears Get ready for two new singles from two—like it or not, Britney haters—pop icons: One whose recording career hasn't exactly been showing signs of life lately and the other whose, well, life hasn't exactly been showing signs of life lately.

That's right, just in case a feature-length documentary, unrelenting media coverage (you're welcome?) and a tribute milkshake weren't enough to slake the public's thirst for the King of Pop, Sony Music Entertainment today announced it will be releasing Michael Jackson's first posthumous single, "This Is It," Oct. 12.

We're guessing if sales go as hoped, this definitely won't be it...

Little is being revealed about the track, including when or where it was recorded, though Jackson had seemingly spent the last few years perpetually prepping for a comeback, with will.i.am and Akon among his confirmed in-studio collaborators.

And as with all things Jackson, the new single will be a family affair.

Jackson's brothers provided the background vocals on the song, which will play over the closing credits of This Is It.

"This song only defines, once again, what the world already knows—that Michael is one of God's greatest gifts," said Jackson estate coexecutor (and longtime music exec) John McClain.

Clearly, the man has been taking promotional lessons from Papa Joe.

The single will also launch a new two-disc greatest-hits collection set for release this October. In addition to the track, the set will include one album of Jackson's greatest hits and another featuring unreleased versions of said hits. The second album will also feature a spoken-word poem from Jackson, "Planet Earth."

As for Brit-Brit, she's been keeping a relatively low profile lately, but expect that to change soon. Like, next week.

Next Tuesday, Spears is releasing "3," a brand-new single that will hopefully also help springboard her own greatest-hits album into the charts.

The Singles Collection, to be released Nov. 24, marks 10 years since the risqué pig-tailed schoolgirl wedged herself into our pop culture consciousness.

The album will be available in two editions, both standard and an ultimate fan box set. The bonus-packed latter will feature B-sides and remixes, additional artwork and a DVD of Britney's video career in chronological order. It also boasts 29 tracks compared to the standard set's 17.

Bank MD loots N97bn • Invests N12bn depositors’ funds in personal firm



Following the second round of banks’ audit exercise conducted by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), officials of the apex bank found that a managing director (name withheld), whose shareholders have strong political influence in the current administration, allocated to himself share capital of N85 billion that is yet to be paid up.

Daily Sun source also revealed that the same MD allocated shares to a local airline to the tune of N18 billion as corporate investments. The airline, the source said, denied knowledge of the deal. The bank MD is also alleged to have invested N12 billion depositors’ funds in a supposed subsidiary of the bank.

The source said the company was found to be the MD’s private firm. The conclusion of the latest audit has already sparked fear in the financial sector. The CBN examiners were said to have concentrated on liquidity; loan verification such as loans to stockbrokers, petroleum products importers, performing and non performing loans; corporate governance issues; processes and resources spent on information technology.

The funding is contrary to CBN Governor, Mallam Sanusi Lamido’s conclusion that the remaining banks were not as bad as the others.
According to him, he did not expect many surprises as the remaining 14 banks were not significantly different but latest development had proven him wrong.
It was gathered that the apex bank was yet to conduct what they described as forensic accounting investigation on any of the 24 banks in the country.

The managing director of at least one bank has reportedly visited the State Security Service (SSS), to deposit his passport. This is to prevent him from travelling abroad.
Bankers are of the view that two or three banks may be affected by the decision of Mallam Lamido not to allow family banks in the country anymore.
The CBN governor’s policy to end family owned banks, the bankers believed, may be partly responsible for the fate of Oceanic Bank and Intercontinental Bank, seen as being dominated by the personality of their managing directors.

Sanusi at a forum on Wednesday while briefing capital market operators warned that CBN would not allow banks to be run as a sole proprietorship but as institutions that would imbibe the tenets of good corporate governance, promising to treat shareholders of the affected banks fairly and also ensure that, henceforth, banks in the country were run as institutions rather than as sole proprietorships.

Sanusi also allayed fears of nationalizing the five troubled banks whose managing directors and executive directors were sacked following their gross misuse of shareholders’ funds and inability to meet up with other banking statutory obligations.

The governor said the results of the remaining banks would be made known in October 2009, but opined that their results would be better than those of the 10 banks examined earlier from which five were summarily sacked.
The CBN governor had on August 14 sacked the managing director of and executive directors of Afribank Plc, Finbank Plc, Intercontinental Bank Plc, Oceanic Bank Plc and Union Bank Plc. The examination was conducted by a joint team of CBN and NDIC officials.

According to the CBN audit the major findings on the five banks were excessive high-level non-performing loans, which led to poor corporate governance practices, lax credit administration processes and the absence or non-adherence to the bank’s credit risk management practices, leaving the percentage of non-performing loans from 19 per cent to 48 per cent. The five banks will, therefore, need to make additional provision of N539.09 billion.

The total loan portfolio of these five banks was N2, 801.92 billion. Margin loans amounted to N456.28 billion and exposure to oil and gas was N487.02 billion. Aggregate of non-performing loans were N1,143 billion representing 40.81 per cent. The five banks accounted for a disproportionate component of the total exposure to capital market and oil and gas, thus reflecting heavy concentration to high risk areas relative to other banks in the industry.

The five banks were either perennial net-takers of funds in the inter-bank market or enjoyed liquidity support from the CBN for long periods of time, a clear evidence of liquidity problem. In other words, these banks were unable to meet their maturing obligations as they fall due without resorting to the CBN or the inter-bank market.

Further checks revealed that the outstanding balance on the EDW of the five banks amounted to N127.85 billion by end July 2009, representing 89.81 per cent of the total industry exposure to the CBN on its discount window while their net guaranteed inter-bank takings stood at N253.30 billion as at August 2, 2009. Their liquidity ratios ranged from 17.65 per cent to 24 per cent as at May 31, 2009. The banking regulatory minimum is 25 per cent as spelt out by the apex bank.

September 17, 2009

OPERAMINI WITH ZAIN and MTN SETTINGS...IT ROCKS!

Happy to share this settings to u geez...it might not work for u but,it works for me...

For mtn users -
wap.mtnonline.Com.www.concealme.Com/nph-proxy.Pl/0001109a/http/server4.Operamini.com:80, or
wap.mtnonline.com.beta.opera-mini.com:80, or
loaded.mtnonline.com.filterfixer.com/nph-index.Php/000001a/http/server4.Operamini.Com:80.

With this ip 91.203.96.125, and port 80.

For zain users use,

wap.ng.zain.com.sureproxy.server4.Operamini.com:80
with the normal ip and port..

N.B- Your line gats to be internet enabled...

Dont forget to thank or make comment on my page if it works for u.....ONE LOVE!

September 14, 2009

**AS GANI GOES HOME : How he ‘breathed’ life into political parties

PRIOR to 2002, Nigeria had only three officially recognised political parties- Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), Alliance for Democracy (AD) and All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP).

However, due to the various contradictions inherent in the three existing parties, coupled with the desire of many Nigerians who don’t believe in them and the necessity for fresh political alternatives, it became inevitable for the emergence of several political associations.

Buoyed by the liberal provisions in the 1999 constitution on the formation of political parties, these individuals formed about 33 political associations which applied to the Independent National Electoral Commission(INEC) for registration.

Gani

Gani

However, the INEC, on May 17, 2002, rolled out what it termed guidelines for registration of political parties, contrary to the provisions of the constitution particularly sections 222 to 224. The 33 political associations under the aegies of Conference of Nigerian Political Parties (CNPP), led by Chief Gani Fawehinmi, met to reject this extra-constitutional guidelines.

When it became obvious that the INEC was still intransigent to follow due process, Fawehinmi filed a case at the Federal High Court to challenge the INEC illegality. But for the doggedness and resilience of Fawehinmi, who was the chairman of the National Conscience Party (NCP), by going to court on this issue, there would not have been Action Congress (AC), Labour Party, Progressive Peoples Alliance (PPA) and the rest of the opposition parties we have today.

The case was fought up to the Supreme Court which gave judgment in favour of the political parties, thanks to the resilience of Gani who literarily worked day and night for three days along side one of his counsel, Adindu Ugwuzor, to make sure that the appeals at both the Court of Appeal and Supreme Court were filed within time and the briefs of argument ready on time.

Work in progress on Gani's final resting place

Work in progress on Gani's final resting place

The case was lost at the Federal High Court. This led to an appeal at the Court of Appeal, which, in a landmark decision, upturned the Federal High Court’s decision and upheld the appeal, agreeing substantially with the submissions of Fawehinmi.

The INEC, in its attempt to buy time and stultify the implementation of the Court of Appeal epochal decision, decided to lodge an appeal at the Supreme Court which, in a monumental and historic judgment on November 8, 2002, altered the political landscape of the country by allowing for more political parties in the country, hence the deluge of parties that we have today.

The unanimous Supreme Court’s decision was given by Justices Muhammadu Lawal Uwais (who presided), SalihuAlfa Belgore, Idris Legbo Kutigi, Anthony Iguh, Akintola Ejiwumi, Emmanuel Olayinka Ayoola and Niki Tobi.

Excerpts of the lead judgment read by Justice Ayoola: “The plaintiffs were associations seeking registration as political parties. By virtue of section 221 of the Constitution, “No association, other than a political party, shall canvass for votes for any candidate at any election or contribute to the funds of any political party or to the election expenses of any candidate at an election.

Originating summons
The plaintiffs each applied to the Independent National Electoral Commission (“INEC” or “the Commission) for registration as a political party. On 17th day of May, 2002 INEC released guidelines for the registration of political parties.

Being of the view that guidelines 2(c) and (d), 3(a), (c), (d)(iv), (e), (f), (g), (h); and 5(b) (“the impugned guidelines”) were “inconsistent with the provisions of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999 relating to registration of political parties” and that they should not be made to comply with the guidelines, the plaintiffs commenced the proceedings from which this appeal arose by originating summons whereby they sought, among other things, declarations of invalidity of those impugned guidelines and also of sections 74(2)(g) and (h), 74((x), 77(b), 78(2)(b) and 79(2)(c) of the Electoral Act, 2001.

INEC is one of the Federal Executive Bodies established by section 153(2) of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999. Its composition and powers are by virtue of section 153(2) contained in part 1 of the third schedule to the Constitution, paragraph 15(b) of which empowers it to: “register political parties in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution end an Act of the National Assembly”, while paragraph 15(c) and (d), respectively, provided that the Commission shall have power to “monitor the organization and operation of the political parties, including their finances” and “carry out such other function, as may conferred upon it by an Act of the National Assembly.”

“To put the issues in the appeal in proper perspective, it is expedient to pause to emphasise that by section 14(1) of the Constitution the Federal Republic of Nigeria shall be a State based on the principles of democracy and social justice.

Political parties are essential organs of the democratic system. They are organs of political discussion and of formulation of ideas, policies and programmes. Plurality of parties widens the channel of political discussion and discourse, engenders plurality of political issues, promotes the formulation of competing ideas, policies and programmes and generally provides the citizen with a choice of forum for participation in governance, whether as a member of the party in government or of a party in opposition, thereby ensuring the reality of government by discussion which democracy is all about in the final analysis.

“Unduly to restrict the formation of political parties weakens the democratic culture. However, to leave political parties completely unregulated and unmonitored may eventually make the democratic system so unmanageable as to become a hindrance to progress, national unity, good government and the growth of a healthy democratic culture.

Between the two apparent extremes over-regulation and complete absence of regulation is the need for balanced regulation. In interpreting the provisions of the Constitution and enactment relating to the formation, regulation and monitoring of political parties the recognition of the need for balanced regulation is essential.

“However, although section 40 of the Constitution entrenched the right of every person to form or belong to a political party, it is clear from the provision to that section and several other provisions of the Constitution that the makers of the Constitution did not opt to leave political parties unregulated by the State.

Regulation of political parties by the State manifests in the fact that the Constitution itself has set conditions for the existence and recognition of political parties – and empowered the National Assembly to legislate for the regulation of political parties that may have already fulfilled the conditions of eligibility to function as political parties as prescribed by section 222 of the Constitution.

Regulation of political parties by the State therefore comes in two forms, namely: regulation directly by the Constitution as in section 222 and regulation authorized by the legislature or other agency of the state as may be permitted by the constitution.

It follows that any attempt to regulate political parties not by the Constitution itself or by its authority is invalid.

In the final analysis, this case is about the supremacy of the Constitution. Section 1(3) of the Constitution provided that: “If any other law is inconsistent with the provisions of this Constitution, this Constitution shall prevail, and that other law shall to the extent of the inconsistency be void.

“The National Assembly has powers, by virtue of section 228(d) of constitution, to confer by law powers on INEC as may appear to the necessary or desirable for the purpose of enabling the Commission more effectively to ensure that political parties observe provisions of sections”

ASUU strike dangerous to growth of education – Ajibola

FORMER judge of International Court of Justice, Prince Bola Ajibola has said in Ibadan that the current face-off between the Federal Government and Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU) is a dangerous signal in view of the low rating of the country’s university system.

He said other countries of the world had found alternative to incessant strike as a means of settling dispute and the earlier the Nigerian university system chooses a better approach, the better for our dwindling education standard.

Unless something is done that would bring about quick resolution of the crisis between ASUU and FG, both parties in the impasse would turn our country into an illiterate country considering the fact that none of our universities could be rated among the 1,000 universities in the world.

“It is sad and the earlier our people in the ASUU can sit down and see how best to keep our universities on, the better. If you go round the world, you will find that what is happening here is unique”, he lamented.

The renowed jurist,at the first annual lecture organised by the Muslim Ummah of South West of Nigeria (MUSWEN), weekend, said the fees paid in the government universities across the country could not be compared with what is paid in private varsities.

government and the academic in order to ensure that they can live together and can move things on and make progress. If we continue to say that the country is going down and everything is a failure, we are also contributing to that failure”.

Continuing, he pointed out further a lot of these things could be ironed out by ordinary dialogue, looking into the situation and finding solution anytime that we are having problem of this nature””.

He defended the action of the Governor of Central Bank of Nigeria , Alhaji Sanusi Lamido on the five prominent banks saying ““there is nothing wrong with the CBN’s line of action to look into whatever is wrong with our banking system and the activities of our private banks”.

“To start with, if there is anything wrong in the way they have been operating the banks, let them be done in a very judicial manner. Let the matter be taken to court; let the parties be heard and let the decisions of the court hold”” the legal icon stated.

“It is very frightening and very disturbing, with all the allegations that they have made against the banks, particularly those who are operating the banks as chief executives. Now, they are still all allegations. We have not heard their own sides of the story”.

“The principle of justice and fair play and fair hearing is such that they must hear them too. Once they are heard and if they have done something wrong, they should be accordingly sanctioned. If not they should be allowed to go on operating their banks, the way they have operating before now. That should be made abundantly clear”, said he..

CBN considers 3 sales options for 5 banks


LAGOS — THE management of the Central Bank (CBN) is considering three options to recapitalise the country’s five troubled banks.

The banks are: Intercontinetal Bank; Oceanic Bank; Union Bank; Finbank and Afribank.
CBN Governor, Sanusi Lamido Sanusi, had said that the CBN will not sell the banks to foreign investors and that the N420 billion injected into the banks which he initially said, in his letter to the banks, was tier two capital was now long-term loan from the expanded discount window to the affected banks to be paid back over a long period of time

Option 1: Rights issue

However a CBN official who spoke with Vanguard said that “The Central Bank is considering three local options aimed at acquisitions of the five troubled banks following the seeming collapse of its offshore investment mission.

The three options which the apex bank is considering are: Rights Issue — in which the apex bank hopes to execute a rights issue, converting the tier two capital (the amount injected) to 80 per cent stake in the affected banks’ shareholding, leaving the other shareholders with 20 per cent.”

This will mean converting the N420 billion injected into the five banks into equity holding. But there is a division in the CBN ranks regarding this option because of its legal implication, moreover, CBN does not have the legal backing to execute a rights issue.

Government lawyers are said have advised the CBN against this option.
Insider sources say most of the more experienced Deputy Governors and Directors of the apex bank have also kicked against this option, pointing to the legal loopholes inherent in the current exercise which has attracted criticisms from some quarters.

“The argument here,” the CBN official said, “is that as a result of huge non-performing loans in the five banks, their capital has been eroded and so new investors hold greater share through fresh capital. But with the aggressive loan recovery, this may not stand the test of time as the positions of the banks have been highly enhanced.”

Option 2: Scheme of Arrangement

The CBN management is said to be considering the alternative of getting the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Nigerian Stock Exchange NSE, to do a “Scheme of Arrangement”. The thinking in the CBN is that this option is the most viable now and if applied, it will involve a legal means of bringing shareholders of these banks to an extra-ordinary General Meeting to agree to a merger or acquisition arrangement.

According to the officials, only SEC and the NSE have the statutory power to initiate and enforce this option. It was learnt that the apex bank will, this week, commence discussion with other financial regulators on how to implement this arrangement.

Option 3: Acquisition

CBN insiders also told Vanguard that if the first two options fail, the apex bank would then go for the third option which is acquisition.

This involves nominating a bank in the country to acquire any of the five banks and then backing the action with statutory powers.

The implication of this new initiative is that for now, the ‘foreign investor’ route appears to have been jettisoned by the CBN.

It will be recalled that the CBN Governor, on August 14, said that “the huge provisioning requirements of the five banks have led to significant capital impairment. Consequently, all the banks are under-capitalised for their current levels of operations and are required to increase their provisions for loan losses, which impacted negatively on their capital.

“Indeed one is technically insolvent with a Capital Adequacy Ratio of (1.01%). Thus, a minimum capital injection of N204.94 billion will be required in the 5 banks to meet the minimum capital adequacy ratio of 10 per cent.

“The five banks were either perennial net-takers of funds in the inter-bank market or enjoyed liquidity support from the CBN for long periods of time, a clear evidence of liquidity.

In other words, these banks were unable to meet their maturing obligations as they fall due without resorting to the CBN or the inter-bank market. As a matter of fact, the outstanding balance on the EDW of the five banks amounted to N127.85 billion by end July 2009, representing 89.81% of the total industry exposure to the CBN on its discount window while their net guaranteed inter-bank takings stood at N253.30 billion as at August 02, 2009.

Their Liquidity Ratios ranged from 17.65% to 24% as at May 31, 2009. (Regulatory minimum is 25%).
“Consequently, the CBN is injecting a total of about N420 billion into these five banks with immediate effect in form of Tier 2 Capital to be repaid from proceeds of capitalization in the near future. This injection is sufficient to resolve and stabilize all the institutions and enable them continue normal business.

The injection of fresh capital by the CBN is a temporary measure as government does not intend to hold the shares for long and shall divest its holdings as soon as new investors recapitalise these banks”.